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@#Oral route drug delivery system is still considered as the most convenient and patient friendly drug delivery route. Over the decades, many research has been performed to improve the functionality oral dosage form. Orally disintegrating film (ODF) is a newer oral drug delivery system, which is in the form of a thin film that will disintegrate in the oral cavity within a matter of seconds. The aim of this review paper is to recap ODF, its benefits, formulation contents and manufacturing method. With more research and development work has been conducted on ODF, the dosage form is expected to be manufactured and scaled up to be commercializable products to be sold in the market.
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@#Introduction: Amlodipine besylate is a calcium channel blocker indicated for hypertension and angina. It is described as slightly soluble in water and due to its limited solubility, it may result in poor bioavailability. The aim of this study is to enhance the solubility of amlodipine besylate using solvent evaporation method and microemulsion technique and to compare the two methods. Method: Solid dispersions (SD) of amlodipine besylate were developed by employing solvent evaporation method. PEG6000 was the polymer of choice and different drug:polymer ratios were used. Evaluation of the prepared SDs include solubility studies, dissolution studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As for the microemulsion technique, microemulsions were prepared by phase titration method and the optimized microemulsion formulation was then characterized for solubility studies and dissolution studies. Results: SD3 with drug:polymer ratio of 1:4 achieved the highest solubility which was 96.97 mg/ml ± 0.92 whereas the solubility of the optimized microemulsion was found to be 112.54 mg/ml ± 0.92. In solvent evaporation method, as the drug:polymer ratio increases, the solubility and dissolution rate of SDs increases. Conclusion: The two methods had significantly enhance the solubility of amlodipine besylate however the microemulsion technique showed better solubility profile.
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Biological Products , Compliance , Ice , Incubators , Methods , Polyethylene , Polypropylenes , Polystyrenes , Product Packaging , Refrigeration , Transportation , VaccinesABSTRACT
The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has challenged us to take unprecedented steps to bring this pandemic under control. In view of the urgency of this situation, convalescent plasma which was used in previous coronavirus outbreaks has emerged as one of the treatment options in this current pandemic. This is mainly due to the fact that convalescent plasma has been studied in a few case series with promising outcomes. In addition, on-going large clinical trials aimed to further evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and optimal dosage, duration and timing of administration of convalescent plasma are indeed revealing a certain level of promising results. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of possible mechanisms of actions of convalescent plasma, its benefits and its level of usage safeness by summarizing the existing evidence on the use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients.
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An easy, fast and validated RV-HPLC method was invented to quantify donepezil hydrochloride in drug solution and orally disintegrating tablet. The separation was carried out using reversed phase C-18 column [Agilent Eclipse Plus C-18] with UV detection at 268 nm. Method optimization was tested using various composition of organic solvent. The mobile phase comprised of phosphate buffer [0.01M], methanol and acetonitrile [50:30:20, v/v] adjusted to pH 2.7 with phosphoric acid [80%] was found as the optimum mobile phase. The method showed intraday precision and accuracy in the range of 0.24% to -1.83% and -1.83% to 1.99% respectively, while interday precision and accuracy ranged between 1.41% to 1.81% and 0.11% to 1.90% respectively. The standard calibration curve was linear from 0.125 micro g/mL to 16 micro g/mL, with correlation coefficient of 0.9997 +/- 0.00016. The drug solution was stable under room temperature at least for 6 hours. System suitability studies were done. The average plate count was > 2000, tailing factor <1, and capacity factor of 3.30. The retention time was 5.6 min. The HPLC method was used to assay donepezil hydrochloride in tablet and dissolution study of in-house manufactured donepezil orally disintegrating tablet and original Aricept